Relationship Between Doubt And Knowledge Philosophy Essay

Relationship Between dubiousness And noesis Philosophy EssayDoubt is the key to intimacy (Persian Proverb). To what extent is this veritable in two beas of companionship? Some definitions of motion emphasize the posit in which the mind remains suspended betwixt two irrelevant propositions and unable to assent to either of them. Doubt makes us aware and completelyows us to assess the reliability of the source of knowledge we are using. Doubt brings into interrogative sentence virtu on the wholey nonion of a perceived reality, and may involve delaying or disdaining relevant action let out of concerns for mistakes or faults or appropriateness. The concept of inquiry covers a range of phenomena wholeness can characterize both knock over questioning of uncertainties and an emotional state of indecision as head.Doubt could be the key to knowledge plainly till it doesnt make the person stand firm everything he discovers. For utilisation, if I uncertainness that I a m going to weakness in IB past it is not a serious key to knowledge. If this motivates you and makes you involve like mad then it is. If it discourages you then it is not. So, doubt is only a key to knowledge under certain circumstances. Moreover, there is always the hazard of skepticism, that endless tendency to doubt and question. Regarding to skepticism and doubt it should be mentioned that regarding to Cartesian skepticism there is an aim to eliminate every belief that could be doubted and so Descartes keeps only the basic beliefs from which he go out gain hike knowledge. So doubt is the key to knowledge under certain circumstances.Doubt makes us aware and allows us to assess reliability of the source of knowledge we are using. In Science this hatchs questioning things (attempt to falsify). Every uncovering begins with a mind for doubt. We see and perceive the world with the help of our senses but we dont know what is real. Natural Sciences are a quite reliable consen t of human knowledge, exactly beca procedure it is paperd on experiments and proof and has at its base the scientific manner. In influence to examen the doubts and lead to a certainty we follow a scientific method. First of all we ask a question which is associated with the doubt that we run through and demand to investigate. Then we evaluate training and so we are led to form a hypothesis. After that, we test our hypothesis with the help of an experiment in order to justify our doubt or not. In the end we observe what overtakeed in the experiment and we obtain a conclusion by either justifying our doubt or rejecting it. Avogadro, who was a scientist having studied mathematics and science, proposed his now famous hypothesis that equal volumes of gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain equal summates of molecules and made the distinction between atoms and molecules, which today seems clear. However, Dalton rejected Avogadros hypothesis because Dalton thinkd t hat atoms of the same kind could not combine. Since it was believed that atoms were held unitedly by an electrical force, only unlike atoms would be attracted together, and like atoms should repel. because it seemed impossible for a molecule of oxygen, O2, to exist. Avogadros work, even if it was read appea plantrs not to have been understood, and was pushed into the dark recesses of chemistry libraries and ignored.In Science we can never be 100% confident in our results because during investigations many errors can occur and thats wherefore doubting is legitimate in science. There might be somewhat possible errors in the application of the scientific method (errors due to instruments, biases, problems of logical implication/induction) which may lead to a weird result of an experiment and this would be confirmed by repeating the experimental procedure. A personal vitrine is that in Chemistry class we had to observe water transport in a celery stalk. Due to a mistake in the met hod that we followed (we didnt stop the sequencer in the right time but later) the results came out to be strange and revile. So, we had to repeat the investigation in order to be more accurate with time and therefore gain the results that we expect.In an IB biological science class the aim of the investigation was to see whether there is an effect of alter concentration of a certain sugar solution on the nub of osmotic activity between the solution and a potato head for the hills of given size or not. So, we followed a certain method and then we proved that our doubt, which was that the lower concentration of the sugar solution in the beaker the larger the mass of the potato will be, was justified. This is a hypothesis not a doubt. It looks like a doubt though. This example makes us understand the circumstance that we cannot reach a point where everything important in a scientific sense is known because through the doubts we investigate and find everyday naked things that grant us knowledge.All the above points are associated with theories that are provisional. probationary theories are theories that are accepted until we reach a point where we reject them. What leads us to the point of rejection is doubt. Moreover, it should be mentioned that similar to provisional theories is falsification. Falsification is once again based on doubt. Falsification includes theories that are provisional and need justifications and curtilage in order to prove the doubt or not. At that point it should be mentioned an example of Paradigm shift which means that some launch theories that were doubted have been revised. Paradigm shift is a term used by Thomas Kuhn to describe a change in basic assumptions indoors the ruling speculation of science. An application of Paradigm shift can be seen in the natural sciences and is the acceptance of Charles Darwins theory of natural selection replaced Lamarckism as the mechanism for evolution.Gregory Mendel, before he demons trated the whole issue for monohybrid crosses he doubted it and made a falsification. His theory was seen as a provisional translation but afterwards he gained evidence by crossing varieties of pea plants which had different characteristics, he demonstrated his theory which is left in the chronicle of science as Mendels Monohybrid Crosses. In conclusion for one more time this example shows that doubt is the key to knowledge.In Mathematics like in other subjects, we strengthened on things that we previously learned or proved. We built on axioms which are self-evident statements. We take axioms without question and from these we can use the rules of logic to work out problems. An example of an axiom is that, an odd number is a number which can be written as 2n + 1, where n is a whole number. We could not gain knowledge if we have doubt on a fundamental assumption. On the contrary some theorists believe that having no doubt can lead to error in some cases. They believe that a littl e sense of doubt can mean that someone is open-minded and can gain further knowledge.But in pure mathematics, everything (logic, axioms, numeric structure) is within the laws and conventions. Everything is deductively reasoned, and once something is proved, it is true no issue that space and time. Therefore, doubt in mathematics is not inevitably the key to knowledge. But again sometimes depends on how we define doubt. If we for example doubt that something in mathematics missing and trying to find it, we will certainly bring the development of the knowledge.One such example is Godels rawness Theorem. Kurt Gdel is most famous for his second incompleteness theorem, and many pack are unaware that, important as it was and is within the field of mathematical logic and beyond, this result is only the middle movement, so to speak, of a metamathematical melody of results stretching from 1929 through 1937. These results are the Completeness Theorem the First and Second Incompleteness Theorems and the consistency of the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis (GCH) and the Axiom of Choice (AC) with the other axioms of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. The outgrowth incompleteness theorem states that no consistent schema of axioms whose theorems can be listed by an effective procedure (essentially, a computer program) is capable of proving all facts near the natural numbers. For any such system, there will always be statements about the natural numbers that are true, but that are corrigible within the system. The second incompleteness theorem shows that if such a system is excessively capable of proving certain basic facts about the natural numbers, then one particular arithmetic truth the system cannot prove is the consistency of the system itself.Pythagoras theorem based on trigonometry was firstly demonstrated by Euclidis, a famous mathematician in Ancient Greece but because of his sudden death another(prenominal) couple doubted about the context of the theorem and th erefore they reconstructed his theory centuries after his death. This example shows us that doubt is the key to knowledge since the couple control by their doubt continued the theory and therefore expanded the mathematical knowledge.Cartesian doubt is methodological. Its purpose is to use doubt as a route to certain knowledge by finding those things which could not be doubted. The fallibility of sense data in particular is a subject of Cartesian doubt. There is a debate on whether doubt in morality can or cannot be a key to knowledge. Critic and doubt in ethics examine our decisions in our everyday life and our actions from insular and personal to public and political. Sometimes doubt in ethics tries to provide us with a guide for moral decisions and generally choices. Ethical axioms are tested not very differently to the axioms of science. Truth is what stands the test of time. As an example, let us suppose that abortion on demand is misemploy. We want to collect relevant evide nce and information to test whether our belief is commonsensical and valid. One way to justify our belief is to say that abortion is wrong because abortion is murder and so murder is wrong too. Of course I should demonstrate the truth of the fact that abortion and murder are wrong and therefore to suggest that abortion which is wrong is true because the baby is existent and murder occurs since the life is taken unnecessarily.The philosopher Kant has worked with Ethics and doubt and has claimed that in order to judge an act, we should first consider what principle governs the act and to imagine what would happen if someone obeyed the principle. Kant too suggests that we judge on whether the act is good not by visual perception if it produced good effects but by seeing if a consistent world is produced. Moreover another point that should be mentioned on ethics and doubt is the ethical theories. Philosophers came up with theories that help a person to define morally right behaviors. One such theory is the Deontological theory which says that people have a job to refrain from actions that this duty will be determined by the nature of the action itself, therefore individuals should perform their duties regardless of the consequences, individuals have a duty to refrain from defective behavior and the bad behavior will be determined by the nature of the action. This theory can be applied to real-life situations where individuals have the extract of doing right or wrong. The individuals should refrain from the bad behavior no matter which the consequences are.In both areas of knowledge we justify the fact that doubt is not always the key to knowledge. Actually in the second area of knowledge (mathematics), we observed that doubt can be a key to knowledge regarding to the definition that we give to doubt as a word. Therefore the starting line statement of the essay, whether doubt is the key to knowledge is right but it should also be added under certain circumst ances. What we would do overall is first of all not to doubt everything around us because on the one transcend we gain knowledge from doubt but on the other hand, some things are deductively reasoning and once they have been proved, they are true for all time regardless of space and time.Word Count2.079