Increase In Poor Attendance Education Essay

ICBT leads in presenting Edexcel HND s. stock-still, recent observations showed HND descent Management school-age childs showed an summing up in low-down att land upence & A promptness, failed in ontime take oning ensuing in of freshly & A non bringing of assignments, & A the chief globe identify for the negative consequences were, pupils misfortunate line up perpetration movements.This negatively effects primeval stake take aimers much(prenominal) as set up, pupils, p arnts & A talks, ensuing in in big businessman of pupils to achive ethical classs, incresed fury & A old ages taken to nail the HND, reduced the manakin working on deadlines, constitutes ICBT unable to contract its mission & A vision, imp bes the bing positivist image with Edexcel & A the market, fades parents halts & A hopes, increses force per unit area upon lectors & A leads to demotivation as consequences are non achived as expected from pupils.Importance of a firmness was accept ed, & A mall bettering pupils be after(prenominal)ing & A gradeing, prioritizing & A end puting winments improves twitch managemnet accomplishments.Bettering the sead accomplishments, increses pupils on dress out entry judge, heart-to-heartness to work on cartridge & A reduces emphasis, change ICBT range its mission & A vision & A maintain penny-pinching name with both Edexcel & A the market, cut implement work burden force per unit area & A increses precedent of lectors & A lead parents see their kids achiving success.Key Words Students, period pleader accomplishments crap over of ContentssTable of Contentss leaning of Tables & A FiguresList of tabular arraiesList of figuresList of AbbreviationsICBT International College of Business & A engineering LtdIntroduction riseed since yr 2000 ( ICBT, 2011 ) International College of Business & A Technology Ltd ( ICBT ) has become wholeness of the close prima private sector high gearer focus offering insti tute in Sri Lanka offering assortment of interantion wholey accepted survey classs.It was observed close to pupils at ICBT surveies Edexcel HND s, & A ICBT is most popular in presenting HND s as ICBT was awarded by Edexcel International ( The sunshine successions, 1996 2011 ) as the taking centre for Edexcel HND s in Sri LankaHow perpetually recent observation showed pupils analyzing Edexcel HND concern prudence shows so functiond pitiable attendence & A promptness, & A neglect to message assignments on due day of the calendar months ensuing in late entries & A non subjecting assignments.The chief ground place for pupils in mightiness to subject assignments on cultivate & A hapless promptness, was pupils hapless truncate managemnt accomplishments. Symptoms identified through detecting pupils which led me to seek into these argumentation was pupils classs achived, on mean pupils hapless attendence, hapless promptness, pupils ailments on capable affairs, pupils non v erbal looks much(prenominal) as demoing less involvement & A dousing towards lectures, drowsiness, negative attitude towards lectures, speaking with friends musical composition talks are cosmos conducted within the category room, etcaThe imporatance of placing & A witnessing a sollution to these job was accepted upon placing the negative effects it could hold upon all cardinal stakeholders involved such as pupils, parents, lectors & A the institute & A the benefits it could convey to the menti bingled stakeholders as discussed below. alter pupils trot mangemnt accomplishments, will increase pupils business leader to subject assignemnts on restrict, which could be a criteria taking to achive high classs, cut down both emphasis degrees & A alter pupils to mop up the HND s within the meter chassis of 18 months, block exceptional payments required on on late extention & A remodules of assignments. Further to a greater extent achiving high classs would increse pupil s knowledge & antiophthalmic factor accomplishments degrees, which would loot in deriving & A constructing nucleus competences neccessry when come ining the occupation market. anyways fortuity a sollution to better pupils cultivate mangement accomplishments, would increase pupils pattern & A ability to mange lop effectively, expeditiously under presure of work while in the university, which could be extremely belived would be utile in their calling life story as jog mangemnt is considerd as a captious inter ain accomplishment in todays concern universe.Further if schemes are non implimentd to better pupils twinge mangemnt accomplishments it would do it impossible for ICBT to make its mission & A vission as identified in figure2 in addition, as ICBT s mission of enahancing attribute of humans resources getable to the market, would be negatively effected as pupils hapless classs, hapless break short direction accomplishments, hapless promptness, etca would non ensu e in an increse of qulity human resource available to the occupation market in the hereafter, & A it would non alter ICBT to make its vision, since hapless usual presentation of pupils would consequence ICBT s celebrity & A acknowledgment in both the local & A foreign market negatively, impacting both international & A local market growing negatively. Besides if this consequences in an continuance, there is an high possibility that ICBT s musical note of instruction & A repute in the private higher instruction could be adversly effected, ensuing in ICBT s repute recognized by Edexcel International as discussed to a higher place to detoriate.Students ability to mange clip effcetively is a circumstantial factor that could consequence a kid ability to run into parents ends & A hopes, such as seing childeren go throughing tests with secure classs on plotted clip draw & A being extremely educated, holding a total calling & A a work life balance. Further safe(p) clip m angemnent accomplishments would ensue in non necessitating to pay any extra payments to the college on late entry or re-modules ensuing in less fiscal load upon parents.Addition in pupils clip mangement accomplishments would increase pupils ability to subject assignments on clip, & A this would enable the lectors to finish look intoing the whole batches assignments on a perticular twenty-four hours, without the demand of transportationraling frontward any due cheques, seting extra presure & A burden upon them. Further effectual clip mangemnt plays a study consort upon pupils ability to achive a Distinction standard & A early(a) good classs, which could be a motivative factor for lectors & A act as cogent evidence of lectors high public presentation.As job was identified ICBT City c deoxyadenosine monophosphateus Edexcel HND concern direction pupils, country of influence or the range of the survey was identified as the aggregation of all the contemporary registerd Edexcel H ND Business Managemnt pupils at ICBT City c adenosine monophosphateus.As identified & amp discusssed above how pupils hapless clip managemnt accomplishments effects pupils & A other nucleus stakeholders such as parents, lectors, & A the institute, the resultance of noticeing a sollution for these job was highlighted & amp by doong so it would non merely totalfil the cognition spread, but anyway bring monolithic benefits to all the cardinal satkeholders as discussed below. query Problem wherefore ICBT City campus Edexcel HND Business Managemnt pupils are inefficient in their clip mangemnt?Research QuestionsWhat is clip managemnt?What is efficiency & A effectiveness?What is effetive clip managemnt?What are the factors act uponing effectual clip managemnt of pupils?Research AimsTo place what is clip managemntTo place what is effciency & A effectiveness and why it is of import to pupilsTo place what is effectual clip managemntTo place factors set uping effectual clip managemn t of pupilsLiterature ReviewTime direction involves equilibrating all the activities in which a individual participates within the landmark of the week ( Canyons, 2001-2012 ) . Efficiency & A effectiveness plays a critical function towards finding an persons ability to equilibrate & amp pull off all activities of a perticular clip period. Efficiency is where clip or set out is good rehearsed for a planned labor movement & A efectiveness is making the justly thing. Therefore effectual clip direction could be considerd as an persons ability to guarantee right things are done at the right clip, while guaranting clip & A attempt is good drilld for the planned projection. However factors set uping clip managemnt accomplishments of an person is discussed below.A survey done to happen the relatinship between, hold & A the deficiency of ability to put daily modus operandis associated to donnish activities ( Dietz, Hofer & A French friess, 2007 ) suggested that pupils be afte ring is of import to forestall holds in faculty member work, while Drucker in 1967 recognized that be after activities & A working class does non ever guarantee completion of planned work, specially when clip presure is high. However a survey done by Gerhard in twelvemonth 2007, showed that pupil planning is merely one factor among several other factors that could consequence clip mangement, through consequences observed by both pre & A post preparation accomplishments observed, which foc apply on four criterias such as self assesment, end scene, clip mangement & A self ordinance, which was capable to demo a study addition or betterment in between pupils pre & amp lay ego managemnt accomplishments.Harmonizing to Sandberg in twelvemonth 2001, stated that effectual use of clip would assist to achive ends as planned, & A it is the art of arrangement, organizing, program, & A budgeting 1s clip for the look is the factors that influence effectual work & A productiveness. O bi in twelvemonth 2003 stated that clip mangemnt involves accurately identifying undertakings to be performed, be aftering & A programming of activities, prioritisng activities in graze, & A apportioning clip to tasks harmonizing to the grade of imporatane that enhances productiveness.Olaniyi in 1998 & A Akomolafe in 2005 argued that, there is nil to mange in clip as clip is beyond human control, & A what persons are capable to make is to make up ones mind what to make with the available clip & A how good to form activities within the available clip frame. Adedeji in twelvemonth 1998 besides came up with a strong & A confusable statement that supports, Olaniyi s & A Akomolafe s findings, where he sead clip is an panics resource & amp use of clip could be achived by making the right thing at the right clip.A survey done among university pupils in the United provinces ( Macan, et Al, 1990 ) identified a four factor theoretical flyer which effects pupils clip managemnt accom plishments & A they were puting ends and precedences, planning and programming, perceived control over clip, and penchant for disorganization. fall out of the four factors perceived control over clip had shown the strongest part to pupils academic and emotional accommodation. Further Macan s designation that end scene could infleunce clip managemnt was besides surported by Richards in 1987 where Richards s concluded that puting life ends & A maintaining clip logs were of import techniques for effectual clip managemnt.McCay in 1959 trained a construct for clip direction preparation programme, where the critical elements highlighted in it were, endowment penetration into clip devouring activities, altering clip outgo, & A increase work twenty-four hours efficiency by learning people how to do day-to-day planning, how to prioritize undertaking & A how to manage unexpected undertakings.A survey done by Britton & A Tesser in 1991, had identified that 67 % of undergraduate pupils find clip managemnt as the most hard undertaking to pull off & amp 36 % varience among the classs werte due to clip mangemnt accomplishments. This further high spots & A proves the importance of happening why and how clip mangemnt accomplishments could be improved among ICBT City campus HND Business managemnt pupils.Figure Conceptual patternPlaning & A forming accomplishmentsTime directionPrioritizing accomplishmentsGaol puting accomplishmentsAlternate Hypothesis identifiedStudents planning, forming & A prioritizing & A end puting accomplishments effects clip directionPlaning & A forming accomplishments is the ability to pull off self and/or others, and resources including clip and environing fortunes to make a specific end ( University of Strathclyde Glasgow, n.d )Prioritizing accomplishments is the ability to specify, rank, and assign degrees of importance to undertakings, activities, and/or issues and cover with affairs of higher importance foremost. Make a tendency of points in consecrate in which they need to be absolute or delegated. Align forces and other resources harmonizing to precedence while keeping organisational mission, vision, and aims. Determine affairs of urgency and manage consequently ( Selection standards illustrations, 2012 ) polish scene is the ability of an person to set uping specific, mensurable and clip targeted aims ( Objectiveli, 2012 )Time direction is a set of rules, patterns, accomplishments, tools, and systems working together to assist you acquire more judge out of your clip with the purpose of bettering the quality of your life ( Time ideas, 2004 2011 ) , & A clip direction accomplishment of an single depends upon the persons be aftering & A forming, prioritizing & A end puting accomplishments.MethodologyThe try frame would be derived from the current ICBT metropolis campus HND Business direction pupil s registries, available from the programme organizing office, which would give a complete count of a ll pupils registered for the class under each batch. come out of the sampling frame, a pupil test distribution would be obtained in format to carry on the research.However, HND Business direction batch 38 & A 46 would be excluded from, the study as batch 38 has already completed the HND & A merely expecting for the finalised consequences & A batch 46 would be excluded, as the batch is the freshest HND Business direction batch, which has started on the 2nd hebdomad of September 2012, & A would non enable to derive needed information.In order to avoid the sampling mistake survey would be done to place the most suited trying method to be adopted & amp a larger type surface would be considered in the study, than the specimen size demand calculated through the sample size reckoner.Table Operational ModelStandards to be measured touchstone unitPlaning & A formingaccomplishments great power to gauge clip & A attempt required to finish a undertaking cogency to form systems & A required resources contrive personal clip to transport out duties observe satisfactory formulation clip for scheduled deadlinesCapability to develop agendas & A timetables with clear mileposts & A deadlinesAbility to mensurate consequences & A mileposts for ego( University of Strathclyde Glasgow, n.d )Prioritizing accomplishmentsAbility to place critical undertaking & A arrange undertakings in ratiocinative orderEstablish precedences systematically & A differentiate between pressing, of import & A visionary undertakingsAbility to supervise or set precedences on a day-to-day footingUse a to make diagnose, undertaking program, or similar planning devices to observe action programs, deadlines, etc.( University of Strathclyde Glasgow, n.d )Standards to be measuredMeasurement unitGoal puting accomplishmentsAbility to put SMART aims( Top accomplishment, n.d )Time directionaccomplishmentsStudents attendingOn clip bringing, late entries & A non submitted rates of assignment sTo mensurate the relationship of the conceptual theoretical banknote identified in figure 1 an usable theoretical account had been created in tabular array 1 above. Harmonizing to the conceptual theoretical account forming, be aftering & A prioritizing & A end scene accomplishments are considered as independent variables, & A clip direction accomplishments is considered as a drug-addicted variable.Table reproducible nexus created to turn out the truth of mensurating units used in the operational theoretical accountStandards to be measuredMeasurement unitLogical nexus to turn out truth of mensurating unitPlaning & A forming accomplishmentsAbility to gauge clip & A attempt required to finish a undertakingAbility to gauge the clip & A attempt required to finish peculiar undertaking, would enable a pupil to be after in progress on future undertakings & A back up to place how much leftover clip is available towards accomplishing other undertakingsAbility to form systems & A required resourcesAbility to form systems & A resources required to carry through an undertaking in progress, would assist pupils to to the full use its detached clip towards accomplishing the undertaking, without the demand to utilize that clip in happening needed resources & A systems which would salvage clipOrganize personal clip to transport out dutiesIf pupils have the ability to form clip to transport out personal duties in their lives, the detached clip could be to the full utilized in run intoing personal duties, where this would assist to avoid personal duties disrupting at times pupils are engaged in academic work.Maintain satisfactory readying clip for scheduled deadlinesStudent s ability to keep satisfactory readying clip for scheduled deadlines would assist to avoid emphasis degrees of pupils, an addition their ability to carry through their ends as planned.Standards to be measuredMeasurement unitLogical nexus to turn out truth of mensurating unitPlaning & A forming accomplishmentsCapability to develop agendas & A timetables with clear mileposts & A deadlinesAbility to put clear mileposts & A deadlines with the usage of clear agendas & A clip tabular arraies, would take to pupil motive & A besides highlight the marks pupils have to accomplish at each given clip or day of the month & A thereby enable to be after & amp form undertakingsAbility to mensurate consequences & A mileposts for egoAbility to mensurate consequences & A mileposts for ego, would give an pupils a clear personal thought on where accommodations need to be made & amp thereby assist to be after & amp form undertakings more accurately in the hereafterPrioritizing accomplishmentsAbility to place critical undertaking & A arrange undertakings in logical orderStudents ability to place critical undertakings would enable pupils to give more precedence towards accomplishing them, among other less of import undertakingsEstablish precedences consistently & A differentiate between pressing, of import & A unimportant undertakingsAbility to precedences consistently & A differentiate between pressing, of import & A unimportant undertakings, would enable a pupil to give more precedence consequently to pressing, of import & A unimportant undertakings.Ability to supervise or set precedences on a day-to-day footingIn general there is high possibility that sudden unexpected undertakings may originate than expected, or an unmet undertaking as planned, may be hold to shift into day-to-day undertakings. At a given state of affairs, pupil s ability to accurately supervise & amp readapt the set programs consequently would enable to reprioritise undertakings consequently.Goal puting accomplishmentsAbility to put SMART aimsAbility to put SMART aims would enable pupil to avoid underestimate or overestimate of work & A capablenesssStandards to be measuredMeasurement unitLogical nexus to turn out truth of mensurating unitAttendanceStudents attending recordsStuden ts attending records would supply an clear apprehension on pupils promptness & A attending, which could be count towards clip direction accomplishmentsAssignment entry ratesOn clip bringing, late entries & A remoulded ratesStudents on clip bringing, late entries & A remoulded rates of assignments, would put a clear standard towards measuring stick clip direction accomplishments, as ability to subject assignments on clip largely depends on pupils ability to pull off clip efficaciouslyStudents planning, forming prioritizing & A end scene accomplishments would be measured utilizing pre-determined questionnaire used by researches that have been capable of mensurating pupils be aftering, forming prioritizing & A gaol puting accomplishments. The consequences obtained utilizing the questionnaire would be compared against pupils late & A on clip assignment entry rates, re-module rates & A attending in finding if, HND Business direction pupils planning, forming & A prioritizing & A goal-setting accomplishments has an consequence upon clip direction accomplishments.Datas aggregation programNote Questionnaire attached in the appendixTable Data aggregation program of the studyData / Information required principal(a) / Secondary informationsBeginning of informationsSampling frameSecondary informationsDatas obtained through the programme officeof ICBT metropolis campusData / Information requiredPrimary / Secondary informationsBeginning of informationsOn clip assignment, late entry & A re-module rate of assignment entry of pupilsPrimary informationsInquirers distributed among the sample pupilsStudent attendingPrimary informationsInquirers distributed among the sample pupilsStudents be aftering & A forming, prioritizing & A Goal puting accomplishmentsPlaning & A forming accomplishmentsPrimary informationsInquirers distributed among the sample pupilsPrioritizing accomplishmentsPrimary informationsInquirers distributed among the sample pupilsGoal puting accomplis hmentsPrimary informationsInquirers distributed among the sample pupilsSampling methods to be adopted saucer-eyed random trying exclusively pupils considered under the population will be listed in Excel piece of ground harmonizing to batch wise, in order to the pupil registry, & A a sample of pupils would be selected utilizing the, random expression provided in Excel in order to carry on the study. Simple random trying would avoid biasness in choice of pupils for the sample, enabling every pupil considered under the population to hold an equal opportunity of being selected for the study & A would thereby be capable to stand for the whole population.Difficulties & A restrictions faced in utilizing Simple random tryingAlthough the list of pupils name calling are readily available at the programme coordinating particle deriving entree to the list may be disputing as it may necessitate permission from a authorized personal, as the list of pupils names may be protect under certain privateness policiesEfficiency of the programme coordinating section squad influence the ability to derive information on pupils names list, which may act upon the clip required to finish the research positively or negativelyThe list of pupil s names provided by the programme office may non be readily available upon one individual papers, & A therefore it may be hard & A clip devouring to convey all information together into one individual papers or worksheet to make a concluding list from where a sample could be created.There may be a possibility that all pupils chosen to stand for the sample may hold planning, forming, prioritizing & A end puting accomplishments, or all the pupils chosen to stand for the sample may non hold planning, forming, prioritizing & A end puting accomplishments, which may make an unfitness in comparing the consequences of both sorts of pupils, & A arrive at a valid decision.Undertaking program ( Gantt chart ) of the researchActivity completed Activit y non completed cristalTable Undertaking program for carry oning researchUndertakingStart day of the monthFinish day of the monthLengthTask dependant onAdvancement( Activity completed/ non completed )Comments & A rescheduled day of the month if undertaking non accomplished as planned1Research proposal10/09/201220/09/20121 hebdomad 4 yearssWas able to finish undertaking before the planned day of the month2Fix the questionnaire13/09/201216/09/20124 yearssWas possible to fix the questionnaire by 15/09/20123Get the pupil names list required from the programme office24/09/201227/09/20124 yearssWas able to obtain the names list on 13/09/2012 before the planned day of the month of 27/09/20124List the pupil population in Excel sheet & A use simple random trying to choose the sample pupils27/09/201230/09/20124 yearss3UndertakingStart day of the monthFinish day of the monthLengthTask dependant onAdvancement( Activity completed/ non completed )Comments & A rescheduled day of the month if undertaking non accomplished as planned5 go bad questionnaire & A acquire the feedback from all selected sample pupils01/10/201220/10/201220 yearss2 & A 46Start redaction, coding, informations entry, & A informations analysis of informations obtained through thequestionnaire21/10/201205/11/201215 yearss57Final research undertaking06/11/201230/11/201225 yearss1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6DecisionICBT good renowned private higher instruction supplier, has been recognized as the taking centre for supplying Edexcel HND s in Sri Lanka ( The Sunday Times, 1996 2011 ) . However, it observed pupil s analyzing HND Business direction has shown an addition in hapless attending & A promptness, & A neglect to subject assignments on due day of the months, act uponing all cardinal stakeholders such as pupils, lectors, institute & A the parents negatively. The ground identified for hapless attending & A promptness, & A failure to subject assignments on due day of the months was pupils hapless clip dire ction accomplishments & A therefore imporatance of placing & A happening a sollution to these job was recognized.Through a elaborate literature, conceptual theoretical account was derived which displayed be aftering & A forming accomplishments, prioritizing accomplishments & A end puting accomplishments influence pupils clip managemnet accomplishments, & A therefore the alternate hypothesis developed was, Students planning, forming & A prioritizing & A end puting accomplishments effects clip direction.Planing & A forming, prioritizing & A end puting accomplishments was identified as indipendent variable, where it could act upon the dependant variable which is clip managemnt accomplishments. The operational theoretical account identified in tabular array 1 lists the measurings that could be used in mesuring all the dependant & A indipendent variables.In order to to happen how ICBT HND Businesss Managemnt pupils be aftering & A forming, prioritizing & A end puting accompli shments effects clip managemnt, the sampling frame was identified as all the current pupils analyzing HND Business managemnt at ICBT City campus. However batch 38 & A 46 would be excluded from the study as batch 38 has already completed the HND & A batch 46 would be excluded, as the batch is the freshest HND Business direction batch, & A would non enable to derive needed information.Datas aggregation program in table 3 shows the information required & A the beginnings of informations aggregation in garnering the required inside informations.Simple random sampling was identified as the suited sampling method to deduce the sample to carry on the study, & A in order to understate the sampling mistake a larger sample size would be considered in the study, than the sample size demand calculated through the sample size reckoner. Troubles in sideline simple random trying method are listed in rascal 13.Table 4 shows the undertaking program developed to carry on the research.MentionsA dedeji, S, O, ( 1998 ) The relationship between resource use & A academic public presentations in vocational instruction in Osun State secondary schools An unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Ibadan, NigeriaAkomolfe, C, O, ( 2005 ) Principals clip direction abilities in secondary schools in Nigeria Nigerian journal of educational Administration and Planning, vol.5, no. 1, pg. nos. 58 67Britton, B. K. , & A Tesser, A. ( 1991 ) personal effects of clip direction patterns of college classs daybook of trainingal Psychology, vol. 83, pg. nos 405-410Canyons ( 2001-2012 ) What is clip direction Time Management vane Retrieved from hypertext transfer communications protocol //www.canyons.edu/committees/LEAP/Team1/15tips/tip4.asp Accessed on 10/09/2012 Dietz, F, Hofer, M & A French friess, S ( 2007 ) Individuals values, larning modus operandis & A academic procrastination British Journal of Educational Psychology vol.77, no. 4, pg. nos. 893 906Drucker, P, F, ( 1967 ) The Effective executive Harper & A Row, New York, NYGerhardt, M, ( 2007 ) Teaching self-management The design and execution of self-management tutorials Journal of Education for Business vol. 83, no. 1, pg. nos. 11 18ICBT ( 2011 ) Our Vision & A Mission near United statess Vision & A Mission WWW Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //www.icbt.lk/visionHYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol //www.icbt.lk/vision & A mission.html & amp HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol //www.icbt.lk/vision & A mission.html mission.html Accessed on 10/09/2012 ICBT ( 2011 ) receive to International College of Business & A Technology Ltd About us About ICBT WWW Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //www.icbt.lk/aboutus.html Accessed on 10/09/2012 Macan, T. M. , Shahani, C. , Dipboye, R. L. , & A Phillips, A. P. ( 1990 ) College pupils clip direction Correlations with academic public presentation and stress Journal of Educational Psychology vol. 82, pg. nos760-768McCay, J, ( 1959 ) The direction of clip Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJMind Tools ( 1996 2012 ) How intelligent is Your Time Management? pedestal Time direction Time direction quiz WWW Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newHTE_88.htm Accessed on 15/09/2012 Obi, E, ( 2003 ) Educational planning in modern-day Computer Edge Publishers, Nigeria EnuguObjectiveli ( 2012 ) Why Goals are Key for Project Management WWW Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //objectiveli.com/blog/why-goals-are-key-for-project-management/ Accessed on 12/09/2012 Olaniyi, W, O, ( 1998 ) Conceptual attack to educational judicature Patrick Ade Printing Press, OndoRichards, J, H, ( 1987 ) Time direction a reappraisal stool & A Stress, vol. 1 Pg. nos. 73 78Sandberg, J, ( 2001 ) Understanding competency at work Harvard Business Review, vol.79 no.3, pg. nos. 24 28Choice standards illustrations ( 2012 ) Prioritising Skills WWW Retrieved from hypertext trans fer protocol //selection-criteria-examples.com/selection-criteria-prioritising-skills/ Accessed on 12/09/2012 The Sunday Times ( 2011 ) ICBT Campus, awarded as the principal centre for Edexcel HNDs in Sri Lanka Education Online Newspaper Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //sundaytimes.lk/110918/Education/ed024.html Accessed on 10/09/2012 Time Thoughts ( 2004 2011 ) What Exactly Is Time Management? Home Time direction WWW Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //www.timethoughts.com/time-management.htm Accessed on 12/09/2012 Top Achievement ( n.d ) Creating S.M.A.R.T. Goals WWW Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //topachievement.com/smart.html Accessed on 12/09/2012 Top Achievers ( 2010 ) Time Management Questionnaire Online Downloaded PDF Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //www.topachievers.co.uk/downloads/time-management-questionnaire.pdf Downloaded on 15/09/2012 University of Strathclyde Glasgow ( n.d ) Planning & A Organising Skil ls WWW Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //www.strath.ac.uk/careers/sHYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol //www.strath.ac.uk/careers/skills/generalskills/planningorganisingskills/ kills/generalskills/planningorganisingskills/ Accessed on 12/09/2012